As sports betting becomes increasingly embedded in the global sports economy, athletes are left navigating a fragmented and punitive regulatory landscape. This article examines how inconsistent gambling policies across leagues and jurisdictions place disproportionate risk on athletes and argues for a more proactive integrity framework that shifts responsibility upstream toward leagues and teams that profit from betting exposure.

To preserve institutional homogeneity, FIFA, the world’s preeminent soccer governing body, repeatedly intervenes in member nations’ domestic political affairs, pressuring federations not to appoint delegates to FIFA’s General Assembly whose positions conflict with the governing body’s agenda, as evidenced by suspensions in Nigeria, Pakistan, and Kenya.

European Court of Justice competition law ruling reopens door to European Super League.